BEE VENOM FOR WILTING DISORDER
What Is A Wilting Disorder?
According to Traditional Korean Medicine, it is also known as Wei-Syndrome. In this condition, there is an abnormal paralysis and weakness of the lower and upper extremities, experienced by the subject.
What Are Its Symptoms?
Just like any other disease, infection or illness, the wilting disorder has different symptoms associated with it.
Each symptom depicts the progression of this condition. Most common signs, of wilting disorder, are as follows:
What Causes Wilting Disorder?
As defined by Traditional Korean Medicine, there are different factors responsible for this condition.
Some are external while others are internal causes. Let us have a look at them.
External factors
Internal factors
How Is Wilting Disorder Treated?
Several medical studies have been conducted, related to the treatment of Wilting disorder, but every other study that includes conventional or allopathic medicines has demonstrated adverse effects. It is due to the strong dose cycle that further complicates the condition for a subject of the wilting disorder. Currently, The Traditional Korean Medicine clinical studies focus on using a natural component – honeybee venom – for treating the wilting disorder without any side effects.
Traditional Korean Medicine Treatment for Patients with Wilting Disorder: A Literature Review of In Vivo Studies
Abstract
As described above, the wilting disorder is an abnormal development characterized by paralysis and weakness, experienced in the lower or the upper parts of the body. Treatment target and pathogenesis of this disorder are not defined, which puts the medical doctors at a spot where they can make no other choice but prescribe allopathic treatment to a patient. But due to the side effects of this treatment, it was important to explore different options that Traditional Korean Medicine has to offer.
A thorough review was carried out of the in vivo clinical studies, which focused on using the Traditional Korean Medicine for treating symptoms off the wilting disorder. Databases belonging to China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Cochrane and PubMed were searched carefully with the help of specific keywords related to this condition and its treatment options available.
In the end, 11 study cases were selected for a detailed review – all of them displayed satisfactory effects of Traditional Korean Medicine on the symptoms and causes of the wilting disorder. The selected clinical case studies had inducted models of myasthenia gravis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, polymyositis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, and Duchenne muscular atrophy. Herbal medicine treatment was conducted in 5 studies while in the remaining 6 clinical studies bee venom pharmacoacupuncture and acupuncture were used. It was found that various clinical trials with large sample sizes and different doses and cycles of the herbal therapies are required to establish a proper treatment for subjects of the wilting disorder.
Introduction
The main aim of this clinical study review was to find the best treatment option available for treating symptoms of the wilting disorder. According to a modern case study that focused on wilting disease, concluded that different diseases like muscular dystrophy, polymyositis, paralysis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, and myasthenia gravis can generate clinical symptoms quite similar to those of wilting disorder, as they all lead to loss of motion, paralysis, and weakness.
So, it was made sure that focus is placed on investigating treatment effects and mechanisms of Traditional Korean Medicine on the above-stated diseases. This review also explored the prevalent research trends of Traditional Korean Medicine for treating various diseases that result in wilting disorder. This process was done through data obtained from different databases and later their results were analyzed. In this review, proper information will be brought forward, based on evidence related to Traditional Korean Medicine treatment meant for treating the wilting disorder. The conclusion made will help strengthen the clinical practice and design clinical research, in the future, about different Traditional Korean Medicines.
Method
CNKI, Cochrane and PubMed databases were searched carefully without applying any sort of language limitation. The key search words that were used were: moxibustion OR electro-acupuncture OR pharmacoacupuncture OR bee venom OR acupuncture OR herbal medicine OR motor function disorder OR weakness OR muscular dystrophy OR polymyositis OR paralysis OR amyotrophic lateral sclerosis OR Guillain-Barre syndrome OR myasthenia.
As told above, only 11 clinical studies were chosen and the data obtained from them was grouped with the help of data extraction form that generalized the strain, species, and sex of the animal, type of disease (muscular dystrophy, polymyositis, paralysis, sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, and myasthenia gravis), type of intervention adopted and the outcome (motor function value, biochemical and histological measurement and electrophysiological status). One author was responsible for the primary extraction of data while other authors checked it.
Result
After the rigorous screening of nearly 159 clinical studies, only 11 were finalized. As most of them were duplicates of each other or were reviews or were case reports or did not met the intervention criteria or were not research articles or had an improper setting of the groups. Animal models of the selected clinical studies were analyzed. It was found that 4 studies were based on the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis animal model, 2 studies were based on multiple sclerosis and myasthenia gravis animal model and Guillain-Barre syndrome induced animal model and Duchenne muscular atrophy animal model and polymyositis animal model had one study related to each one of them. Coming to intervention, 5 studies determined the effects of herbal medicines, 3 studies focused on bee venom pharmacoacupuncture and the remaining 3 were about acupuncture therapy.
Discussion
The wilting disease can result due to any sort of abnormal behavior of the muscles, peripheral nerve, neuromuscular junctions, and upper and lower motor neurons. The wilting disorder can be detected through symptoms and diseases like muscular contracture, muscular fasciculation, loss of reflexes, muscle atrophy, paralysis, multiple sclerosis, polymyositis, flaccid palsy, and Guillain-Barre syndrome.
Reviewing Myasthenia Gravis
Any sort of abnormality in the neuromuscular junction can lead to an autoimmune disease like myasthenia gravis. Pathogenesis of this disease involves rapid action of various antibodies that destroy or block nicotinic acetylcholine receptors found at neuromuscular junctions located between the muscles and nerves that control nerve impulses from activating any sort of muscle contractions. Myasthenia gravis results in weakness of specific muscles, which is not painful at all. During any physical activity, the weakness gets worse and while at rest it’s negligible.
According to different in vivo studies, the effectiveness of Traditional Korean Medicines has been reported – related to myasthenia gravis. Effects of acupuncture on acetylcholine receptors were analyzed in the animal models by inserting needles in different acupressure points Shenshu, Pishu, Zusanli, and Shousanli for 7 days. In this clinical examination, the neuromuscular junction was primarily chosen. After acupuncture treatment, it was noted that the integrated optical density and area of immunoreactivity for the acetylcholine receptor at the neuromuscular junction of the phrenic nerve was impressively increased.
Studying ALS
ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) is detected by abnormal functioning of voluntary muscles. ALS occurs due to the death of neurons that are responsible for controlling the muscles voluntarily. It is characterized by a decrease in the size and strength of muscles, weakness, muscle twitching and stiffness. Any sort of inflammation in the NS (nervous system) can lead to the death of motor neurons; mediators involved in this process are CD11b positive microglial, glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive astrocytes, IBA-1, TLR4, CD7, CD14, IL-beta, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and HLA-DR. Several clinical studies represent the anti-inflammatory effects of Traditional Korean Medicine.
It is interesting to note that most of the clinical studies have placed their focus on administering bee venom pharmacoacupuncutre at ST36 (Zusanli Acupoint). A lab study, which analyzed the efficiency of bee venom pharmacoacupuncture on CNS (central nervous system) in model mice having ALS concluded that the BV treatment at ST36 enhanced motor function and prevented the death of motor neurons in the spinal cord when compared to control group. This treatment also abolished downstream signaling of the inflammatory proteins like TL4 in the spinal cord and brought down the Bcl-2 expression and TNF level in experimental mice.
A similar clinical study showed that the animals treated with bee venom showed a decrease in the expression level of phospho-p38 MAPK and microglia marker in the brainstem and spinal cord. The therapy is given, also improved the motor activity in animals having symptomatic ALS.
The effects of electroacupuncture were assessed, in another study, after administering it at the ST36 point. This clinical study showed that animal models having ALS, when subjected to electroacupuncture displayed a significant decrease in TNF-alpha expression and microglial cell activity in the brainstem and spinal cord. This treatment enhanced motor activity when compared with that of the control group and ultimately reduced the loss of neuronal cells in the ALS induced animal models.
Studying MS
Bee venom was administered at ST36 Zusanli acupoint, to determine the effect of BV in the suppression of microglial cell activation and motor neuron loss, in the experimental group. The results obtained showed that serum nitrates, TNF-alpha levels, infiltration of inflammatory cells, demyelination in CNS, pathologic changes and clinical disorder were brought down in the MS (multiple sclerosis) mice models.
Studying Guillain-Barre syndrome
Guillain-Barre syndrome results in muscular weakness due to, damage done by the immune system on the peripheral nervous system. Muscular weakness is most prominent in the hands and feet of the subject. It can further progress to the upper body through bilateral involvement. The true cause of this disease is still unknown.
A clinical study was conducted to examine the effect of electro puncture at Shu points of 5 zang organs for treating Guillain-Barre syndrome. It was noticed that the treatment given, raised the conduction velocity of sciatic nerve movement and diminished the abnormal incidence rate of the F wave of the sciatic nerve in the model group.
Studying Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
It is one of the most chronic conditions of muscular dystrophy that takes place due to the X linked recessive gene. General muscular weakness is linked with muscle wastage brought to the voluntary muscles. Calves, thighs, hips, pelvic area, and shoulders are the first limbs to be affected. Later, muscular weakness can progress to the neck, arms and other areas of the body.
A clinical study was carried out to determine the effects of herbal medicine on subjects of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The study showed that SPS (San-Lin-Pai-Tsu-San) and LDW (Liu-Wei-Di-Huang-Wan) can support locomotor activity.
Studying PolymyositisPolymyositis is inflammation of muscles that results due to the loss and weakness of muscles in proximal musculature, along with flexion of the torso and neck.
A study was conducted to examine the therapeutic effects of Ramulus Cinnamomi and Radix Bupleuri on a polymyositis model. The treatment is given, increased expressions of myogenin and MyoD and function of myosin chain and also activated the Akt/mTOR pathway. Furthermore, the herbal treatment greatly suppressed TNF-alpha activation.
Result
There is a lack of explanation when it comes to describing the real causes and mechanisms of wilting disease, due to inadequate medical research. Most of the medical professionals recommend allopathic treatment to subjects to wilting disorder so that they can get relief from weakness and pain.
In this systematic review, various in vitro studies were discussed that focus on diseases, which can lead to symptoms of the wilting disorder. It can be declared that Traditional Korean Medicines, like honey bee venom, are effective in improving motor function value, biochemical and histological measurement values and electrophysiological status in lab models of multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Conclusion
Though this clinical review faces a few limitations related to the restricted search strategy adopted due to a small number of relevant clinical studies available. But there are a few authentic studies that report positive effects of traditional Korean medicine on the wilting disorder. The few clinical studies that are present, clearly show that bee venom through acupuncture can help control symptoms of the wilting disorder that are caused due to any other disease or illness.
Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6260545/
The wilting disorder is an abnormal condition characterized by weakness and paralysis of the upper and lower extremities. Pathogenesis and treatment target of the disorder are unclear; hence, allopathic treatment is generally used to relieve the symptoms. To investigate the treatment mechanism and effect of Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM) in patients with the wilting disorder, we reviewed in vivo studies that focused on the effect of TKM on the main symptoms of wilting disorder and treatment of the diseases that can cause these symptoms. We electronically searched the PubMed, Cochrane, and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) databases using the following search terms: (weakness OR motor function disorder) (myasthenia gravis OR Guillain-Barre syndrome OR amyotrophic lateral sclerosis OR paralysis OR polymyositis OR muscular dystrophy) AND (herbal medicine OR acupuncture OR bee-venom OR pharmacoacupuncture OR electro-acupuncture OR moxibustion). We selected 11 studies that demonstrated the effect of TKM treatment on the main symptoms of the wilting disorder. In these studies, inducted models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, Duchenne muscular atrophy, polymyositis, and Guillain-Barre syndrome were used. About treatment, herbal medicine was used in five studies, and acupuncture and bee-venom pharmacoacupuncture were used in three studies each. Future research is needed to determine the effectiveness of TKM treatment in patients with diseases that can cause the main symptoms of the wilting disorder.
According to Traditional Korean Medicine, it is also known as Wei-Syndrome. In this condition, there is an abnormal paralysis and weakness of the lower and upper extremities, experienced by the subject.
What Are Its Symptoms?
Just like any other disease, infection or illness, the wilting disorder has different symptoms associated with it.
Each symptom depicts the progression of this condition. Most common signs, of wilting disorder, are as follows:
- Loss of muscle mass in the paralyzed and weakened areas
- The slow or total disappearance of reflexes
- A noticeable decrease in muscle strength of the affected limbs
- Dry skin with a pale appearance
- Wrinkling of skin
- General fatigue
What Causes Wilting Disorder?
As defined by Traditional Korean Medicine, there are different factors responsible for this condition.
Some are external while others are internal causes. Let us have a look at them.
External factors
- Due to any trauma
- Due to overuse of any part of the body
- Neurologic dysfunction that leads to chronic fever
- Any disease with a long morbidity period
Internal factors
- An inactive or unhealthy lifestyle that leads to slow metabolism and a weakened immune system
- Malfunctioning of kidneys, lungs, spleen, heart or liver
How Is Wilting Disorder Treated?
Several medical studies have been conducted, related to the treatment of Wilting disorder, but every other study that includes conventional or allopathic medicines has demonstrated adverse effects. It is due to the strong dose cycle that further complicates the condition for a subject of the wilting disorder. Currently, The Traditional Korean Medicine clinical studies focus on using a natural component – honeybee venom – for treating the wilting disorder without any side effects.
Traditional Korean Medicine Treatment for Patients with Wilting Disorder: A Literature Review of In Vivo Studies
Abstract
As described above, the wilting disorder is an abnormal development characterized by paralysis and weakness, experienced in the lower or the upper parts of the body. Treatment target and pathogenesis of this disorder are not defined, which puts the medical doctors at a spot where they can make no other choice but prescribe allopathic treatment to a patient. But due to the side effects of this treatment, it was important to explore different options that Traditional Korean Medicine has to offer.
A thorough review was carried out of the in vivo clinical studies, which focused on using the Traditional Korean Medicine for treating symptoms off the wilting disorder. Databases belonging to China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Cochrane and PubMed were searched carefully with the help of specific keywords related to this condition and its treatment options available.
In the end, 11 study cases were selected for a detailed review – all of them displayed satisfactory effects of Traditional Korean Medicine on the symptoms and causes of the wilting disorder. The selected clinical case studies had inducted models of myasthenia gravis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, polymyositis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, and Duchenne muscular atrophy. Herbal medicine treatment was conducted in 5 studies while in the remaining 6 clinical studies bee venom pharmacoacupuncture and acupuncture were used. It was found that various clinical trials with large sample sizes and different doses and cycles of the herbal therapies are required to establish a proper treatment for subjects of the wilting disorder.
Introduction
The main aim of this clinical study review was to find the best treatment option available for treating symptoms of the wilting disorder. According to a modern case study that focused on wilting disease, concluded that different diseases like muscular dystrophy, polymyositis, paralysis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, and myasthenia gravis can generate clinical symptoms quite similar to those of wilting disorder, as they all lead to loss of motion, paralysis, and weakness.
So, it was made sure that focus is placed on investigating treatment effects and mechanisms of Traditional Korean Medicine on the above-stated diseases. This review also explored the prevalent research trends of Traditional Korean Medicine for treating various diseases that result in wilting disorder. This process was done through data obtained from different databases and later their results were analyzed. In this review, proper information will be brought forward, based on evidence related to Traditional Korean Medicine treatment meant for treating the wilting disorder. The conclusion made will help strengthen the clinical practice and design clinical research, in the future, about different Traditional Korean Medicines.
Method
CNKI, Cochrane and PubMed databases were searched carefully without applying any sort of language limitation. The key search words that were used were: moxibustion OR electro-acupuncture OR pharmacoacupuncture OR bee venom OR acupuncture OR herbal medicine OR motor function disorder OR weakness OR muscular dystrophy OR polymyositis OR paralysis OR amyotrophic lateral sclerosis OR Guillain-Barre syndrome OR myasthenia.
As told above, only 11 clinical studies were chosen and the data obtained from them was grouped with the help of data extraction form that generalized the strain, species, and sex of the animal, type of disease (muscular dystrophy, polymyositis, paralysis, sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, and myasthenia gravis), type of intervention adopted and the outcome (motor function value, biochemical and histological measurement and electrophysiological status). One author was responsible for the primary extraction of data while other authors checked it.
Result
After the rigorous screening of nearly 159 clinical studies, only 11 were finalized. As most of them were duplicates of each other or were reviews or were case reports or did not met the intervention criteria or were not research articles or had an improper setting of the groups. Animal models of the selected clinical studies were analyzed. It was found that 4 studies were based on the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis animal model, 2 studies were based on multiple sclerosis and myasthenia gravis animal model and Guillain-Barre syndrome induced animal model and Duchenne muscular atrophy animal model and polymyositis animal model had one study related to each one of them. Coming to intervention, 5 studies determined the effects of herbal medicines, 3 studies focused on bee venom pharmacoacupuncture and the remaining 3 were about acupuncture therapy.
Discussion
The wilting disease can result due to any sort of abnormal behavior of the muscles, peripheral nerve, neuromuscular junctions, and upper and lower motor neurons. The wilting disorder can be detected through symptoms and diseases like muscular contracture, muscular fasciculation, loss of reflexes, muscle atrophy, paralysis, multiple sclerosis, polymyositis, flaccid palsy, and Guillain-Barre syndrome.
Reviewing Myasthenia Gravis
Any sort of abnormality in the neuromuscular junction can lead to an autoimmune disease like myasthenia gravis. Pathogenesis of this disease involves rapid action of various antibodies that destroy or block nicotinic acetylcholine receptors found at neuromuscular junctions located between the muscles and nerves that control nerve impulses from activating any sort of muscle contractions. Myasthenia gravis results in weakness of specific muscles, which is not painful at all. During any physical activity, the weakness gets worse and while at rest it’s negligible.
According to different in vivo studies, the effectiveness of Traditional Korean Medicines has been reported – related to myasthenia gravis. Effects of acupuncture on acetylcholine receptors were analyzed in the animal models by inserting needles in different acupressure points Shenshu, Pishu, Zusanli, and Shousanli for 7 days. In this clinical examination, the neuromuscular junction was primarily chosen. After acupuncture treatment, it was noted that the integrated optical density and area of immunoreactivity for the acetylcholine receptor at the neuromuscular junction of the phrenic nerve was impressively increased.
Studying ALS
ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) is detected by abnormal functioning of voluntary muscles. ALS occurs due to the death of neurons that are responsible for controlling the muscles voluntarily. It is characterized by a decrease in the size and strength of muscles, weakness, muscle twitching and stiffness. Any sort of inflammation in the NS (nervous system) can lead to the death of motor neurons; mediators involved in this process are CD11b positive microglial, glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive astrocytes, IBA-1, TLR4, CD7, CD14, IL-beta, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and HLA-DR. Several clinical studies represent the anti-inflammatory effects of Traditional Korean Medicine.
It is interesting to note that most of the clinical studies have placed their focus on administering bee venom pharmacoacupuncutre at ST36 (Zusanli Acupoint). A lab study, which analyzed the efficiency of bee venom pharmacoacupuncture on CNS (central nervous system) in model mice having ALS concluded that the BV treatment at ST36 enhanced motor function and prevented the death of motor neurons in the spinal cord when compared to control group. This treatment also abolished downstream signaling of the inflammatory proteins like TL4 in the spinal cord and brought down the Bcl-2 expression and TNF level in experimental mice.
A similar clinical study showed that the animals treated with bee venom showed a decrease in the expression level of phospho-p38 MAPK and microglia marker in the brainstem and spinal cord. The therapy is given, also improved the motor activity in animals having symptomatic ALS.
The effects of electroacupuncture were assessed, in another study, after administering it at the ST36 point. This clinical study showed that animal models having ALS, when subjected to electroacupuncture displayed a significant decrease in TNF-alpha expression and microglial cell activity in the brainstem and spinal cord. This treatment enhanced motor activity when compared with that of the control group and ultimately reduced the loss of neuronal cells in the ALS induced animal models.
Studying MS
Bee venom was administered at ST36 Zusanli acupoint, to determine the effect of BV in the suppression of microglial cell activation and motor neuron loss, in the experimental group. The results obtained showed that serum nitrates, TNF-alpha levels, infiltration of inflammatory cells, demyelination in CNS, pathologic changes and clinical disorder were brought down in the MS (multiple sclerosis) mice models.
Studying Guillain-Barre syndrome
Guillain-Barre syndrome results in muscular weakness due to, damage done by the immune system on the peripheral nervous system. Muscular weakness is most prominent in the hands and feet of the subject. It can further progress to the upper body through bilateral involvement. The true cause of this disease is still unknown.
A clinical study was conducted to examine the effect of electro puncture at Shu points of 5 zang organs for treating Guillain-Barre syndrome. It was noticed that the treatment given, raised the conduction velocity of sciatic nerve movement and diminished the abnormal incidence rate of the F wave of the sciatic nerve in the model group.
Studying Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
It is one of the most chronic conditions of muscular dystrophy that takes place due to the X linked recessive gene. General muscular weakness is linked with muscle wastage brought to the voluntary muscles. Calves, thighs, hips, pelvic area, and shoulders are the first limbs to be affected. Later, muscular weakness can progress to the neck, arms and other areas of the body.
A clinical study was carried out to determine the effects of herbal medicine on subjects of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The study showed that SPS (San-Lin-Pai-Tsu-San) and LDW (Liu-Wei-Di-Huang-Wan) can support locomotor activity.
Studying PolymyositisPolymyositis is inflammation of muscles that results due to the loss and weakness of muscles in proximal musculature, along with flexion of the torso and neck.
A study was conducted to examine the therapeutic effects of Ramulus Cinnamomi and Radix Bupleuri on a polymyositis model. The treatment is given, increased expressions of myogenin and MyoD and function of myosin chain and also activated the Akt/mTOR pathway. Furthermore, the herbal treatment greatly suppressed TNF-alpha activation.
Result
There is a lack of explanation when it comes to describing the real causes and mechanisms of wilting disease, due to inadequate medical research. Most of the medical professionals recommend allopathic treatment to subjects to wilting disorder so that they can get relief from weakness and pain.
In this systematic review, various in vitro studies were discussed that focus on diseases, which can lead to symptoms of the wilting disorder. It can be declared that Traditional Korean Medicines, like honey bee venom, are effective in improving motor function value, biochemical and histological measurement values and electrophysiological status in lab models of multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Conclusion
Though this clinical review faces a few limitations related to the restricted search strategy adopted due to a small number of relevant clinical studies available. But there are a few authentic studies that report positive effects of traditional Korean medicine on the wilting disorder. The few clinical studies that are present, clearly show that bee venom through acupuncture can help control symptoms of the wilting disorder that are caused due to any other disease or illness.
Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6260545/
The wilting disorder is an abnormal condition characterized by weakness and paralysis of the upper and lower extremities. Pathogenesis and treatment target of the disorder are unclear; hence, allopathic treatment is generally used to relieve the symptoms. To investigate the treatment mechanism and effect of Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM) in patients with the wilting disorder, we reviewed in vivo studies that focused on the effect of TKM on the main symptoms of wilting disorder and treatment of the diseases that can cause these symptoms. We electronically searched the PubMed, Cochrane, and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) databases using the following search terms: (weakness OR motor function disorder) (myasthenia gravis OR Guillain-Barre syndrome OR amyotrophic lateral sclerosis OR paralysis OR polymyositis OR muscular dystrophy) AND (herbal medicine OR acupuncture OR bee-venom OR pharmacoacupuncture OR electro-acupuncture OR moxibustion). We selected 11 studies that demonstrated the effect of TKM treatment on the main symptoms of the wilting disorder. In these studies, inducted models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, Duchenne muscular atrophy, polymyositis, and Guillain-Barre syndrome were used. About treatment, herbal medicine was used in five studies, and acupuncture and bee-venom pharmacoacupuncture were used in three studies each. Future research is needed to determine the effectiveness of TKM treatment in patients with diseases that can cause the main symptoms of the wilting disorder.
